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<title>Ben Rubin</title>
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    <p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b>Ben Rubin<br>
    </b></font><font face="Arial" size="2"><em></em></font></p>
    <p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="2">Ben Rubin was born in 1964 in Boston, MA. He
    creates media installations and performance works. He is a frequent collaborator with
    Laurie Anderson, Ann Hamilton, Beryl Korot, Arto Lindsay, Diller+Scofidio, Steve Reich,
    the Builders Association, and other artists. Rubin teaches sound design at New York
    University, where he is working to advance sound and acoustics as creative disciplines. He
    has been granted artistic residencies by the Banff Centre for the Arts and at the STEIM
    Foundation, and he was recently awarded the 2000 Arts in Multimedia grant by the Brooklyn
    Academy of Music and Bell Labs. He is the director of EAR Studio, a multimedia design
    studio in New York City that he founded in 1993.<br>
    <br>
    Tangible<em> arose out of my fascination with the tactile aspects of film, in which sound
    effects and &quot;Foley&quot; sounds are the primary means of communicating the sense of
    touch. Critic Michel Chion invented the notion of a &quot;materializing sound index&quot;
    to refer to the aspects of sound - texture, grain, patterns of irregularity - the presence
    or absence of which determines how &quot;material&quot; a sound feels. In films like The
    Ice Storm and Barton Fink, sound designer Skip Lievsay renders scenes that feel frozen,
    sticky, stifling or rusty by using sounds that express these qualities. At the other end
    of the spectrum, Jaques Tati's films use sound to flatten and erase the material qualities
    of his on-screen world, avoiding realistic sounds in favor of exaggerated effects that
    border on abstraction.<br>
    <br>
    The five short compositions that make up </em>Tangible<em> are inscribed to varying
    degrees with a sense of tactile materiality; the sounds of wind, breath, falling water,
    metal, and ice are palpable, while the electronic and vocal sounds are less so. The
    perceived tactile properties of the sounds are modulated through rhythm and repetition,
    and through filtering and resynthesis.<br>
    <br>
    Thanks to Kyle DeKamp (first laugh), Coco McPherson (last laugh), Jim Metzner (metal and
    ice) and Arto Lindsay.</em></font></td>
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